Ionospheric–Thermospheric Responses to Geomagnetic Storms from Multi-Instrument Space Weather Data
نویسندگان
چکیده
We analyze vertical total electron content (vTEC) variations from the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) at different latitudes in continents of world during geomagnetic storms June 2015, August 2018, and November 2021. The resulting ionospheric perturbations low mid-latitudes are investigated terms prompt penetration electric field (PPEF), equatorial electrojet (EEJ), magnetic H component INTERMAGNET stations near equator. East Southeast Asia, Russia, Oceania exhibited positive vTEC disturbances, while South American showed negative disturbances all storms. also analyzed Swarm satellites found similar results to retrieved data 2015 2018 Moreover, we observed that plasma tended increase rapidly local afternoon main phase has opposite behavior nighttime. ionization anomaly (EIA) crest expansion higher is driven by PPEF daytime recovery phases exhibits longitudinal along with EEJ enhancement
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Remote Sensing
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['2315-4632', '2315-4675']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15102687